Hemoglobinometer.



J. L. WHITNEY. HEMOGLOBINOMETER. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 19, 2914.

Patented June 22, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. L. WHITNEY. HEMOGLOBINOMETER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 19, 1914.

' Patented June 22, 1915.

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Is. WHITNEY, OF 8M F3ANCISCO,

HEIOGLQBINOMETEB.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 22, 1915.

Application filed June 19, 1914. Serial no. 848,058.

. clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawingsconstitute part of this application, and represent, in-

igure 1 a face'view of one form which a 'hemoglobinometer constructed inaccordance with my invention, may assume. Fig.2 a side view of the same.Fig. 3 a

view thereof in horizontal section. Fig. 4

a vertical central sectional view of the instrument with the telescopeand lamp-holder removed. Fig. 5 a detached reverse plan view of theoperating-disk. Fig. 6 a detached perspective view of the blood-specimenolder. Fig. 7 a detached perspective view of the glass blood-specimenreceiver. Fig. 8 a broken sectional view, showing a method of ositioningthe light-filtering and lightditf ilsing plates. Fig. 9 a detachedreverse perspective view of the cover ofthe housing.

My invention relates to an improved method of, and means for, measuringlight and determining the depth of color of objects, the invention beingparticularly applicable to the measurement of the amount of hemoglobinin blood, though not limited to such use.-

The object of my invention, however utilized, is to provide simple andaccurate means for measuring light and determining the de th of color ofobjects.

W it these ends in view, my invention consists'in a method and apparatustaking advantage of the obstruction which objects olfer to thetransmission through them of rays ofapproximately spectroscopically purecolor and measuring the amount of such obstruction.

M invention further consists in certain details of method and a paratusas will be hereinafter described an pointed out in the claims.

For the disclosure'of my invention I have chosen to illustrate it asembodied in a hemoglobinometer though, as already stated, the inventionmay be applied to a wide range of uses.

In carrying out my invention as herein shown, I employ two colored glasslightfiltering plates 2 and 3, two mirrors 4 and 5, a blood-specimenreceiver 6, a movable and preferably colorless porcelain 1part 7 which,1n default of a better term, shall call a light-difiuser, the said parthaving two surfaces standing at right angles to each other, a lamp 8 inthe form of a small incandescent electric light bulb, and a telescope 9of any approved form. These several elements are relatively arranged sothat two rays of light passing from the lamp through thefiltering-plates 2 and 3 will be deflected by the mirrors 4 and 5 uponthe respective surfaces of the part 7 which swings upon its apex whichis located in line with the axial center of the telescope 9. The ray oflight passing through the filtering-plate 3 also passes through ablood-specimen in the receiver 6, whereby 'a portion of the light isobstructed, so that less light is reflected by the mirror 5 upon thesurface 100i the lightdifiuser than is reflected by the mirror 4 uponthe surface 11 of the light-diffuser which may be swung upon its apexuntil its respective surfaces are correspondingly illuminated.

The extent to which the part 7 is swung from its zero position ismeasured and the amount of obstruction represented by the amountofhemoglobin in the blood-specimen thus determined. Preferably the plates3 and 4 will consist of strips of green glass, though glass of othercolor may be used, and if desired, colored glass may be replaced byother substances, such, for instance, as celluloid. The said part 7 ismounted in a frame or carrier furnished at its upper and lower ends withtrunnions 12 and comprisin an upper flange 13, a lower flange 14 an anangular connecting bar 15 over which the angular part is fitted. Thesaid lower flange '14 is toothed to form a segmental rack 16 meshed intob a pinion 17 at the lower end of a shaft 18 fill-rushed at its lowerend with a trunnion 19 and at its upper end with a stem 20 for theattachment of an operating disk 21 having an index mark 22 in itsbeveled edge 23 which latter is located just recess 41 in 11 within acircle 24 of graduations formed upon the circular cover 25'of a circularcuplike. housing 26 .within which the several parts of my improvedinstrument are located, barrin the telesco e 9 and the lampholder 27 hesaid teesco e and lampholder are, as shown, screwed into the side wallsof the housing at opposite points therein. Barring the telescope 9 andlamp-holder 27, the partsof the instrument are mounted between the saidcover 25-and a circular plate 28 secured to it in spaced relation bymeans of pillars 29, the cover 25, plate 28 and pillars 29 correspondingto the two movement plates and pillars of an ordinary watch orclock-movement, and forming, as It 'were, a cage for the inclusionbetween them' of all the parts except the said telescope 9 and thelamp-holder 27. This cage is positionedin the housing 26 by the rovisionof the cover 25 with, an annular fl ting within the o n edge of thehousing and by making the p ate 28 of the same diameter as the flange 30and so as to fit within the bottomv of the housing. The trunnions 12,12, of the frame or carrier are respectively journaled in the cover 25and plate 28 as shown in Fig. 4 which also shows the bearing of the'ournal 19 of the shaft 18 in the plate 28 an the bearing of the upperend of the shaft at the point 31in the cover 25. I

The filteringates 2 and 3 are backed, as

shown, by ground lass ditIusing-plates 32 and 33 respectively ocatedbetween the mir rors 4 and 5 and the lamp 8 which latter is inclosed ina circular screen 34 into osed between the cover 25 and plate-28 an'havin a clearance opening 35 for the him 8 an two light-ports 36 and 37arrange in line between the lam 8 and the mirrors 4 and 5 respectively.e said mirrors 4 and 5 are mounted in holders 38 interposed between thecover 25 and plate 28, and secured to the latter, these mirrors beinglocated in line -with each other on opposite sides of the mov-J ablepart 7. As shown, the filtering-plate 2 and the diflusing-platc 32 areheld in place by the insertion of their edges into grooves 39 and 40i'n'the cover 25 and plate 28 respectively, as shown in Fig. 8. Thefiltering-plate. 3 and diffusing-plate 33 will be mounted in the samemanner. The bloodspecimen to be tested is placed in ,8 Shallowlass-plate 42-, and'confined in place by .a-g assate 43 in theordinarymanner of maki microscopic slides. The said plates 42 an 43 areremovably mounted in the'blood-specimen receiver fiwbi'ch is introducedinto anopening 44 in the band portion of the housing -26. The plates'42and 43 are held inplacelin the receiver 6 by ;'means of a spring 45furnished with acircuning 46 arranged in line-with a corre-' 'j spou ingopening47 in'the front of the reficeiverj whicln it be understood', isde- Qcolor of an ob ect.

moved from the instrument. To prevent the.

light-diffuser from-vibratingand totake up1 back-lash, its uppertrunnion 12 is encircle by a sprin 48 the inner end of which is attachedto e trunnionand the outer end of which is attached to the adjacentpillar 29. In using the instrument a measured guantity of pure ordiluted blood is placed in the recess 41 in the plate 42, and is. sealedtherein by the plate 43 after which the receiver 6 is restored to theinstrument. Now assuming the lamp 6 to be lighted and the light diffuser7 to be centrally located or 1n its zero position with respect to theaxial line of the telescope, it will be at once ob-. served through thesame that the surface 10 of the light difluser is darker thanthesurfacell thereof. This difference in the amount of light thrown by themirrors 4 and 5 upon the respective surfaces 11 and 10 of thelight-diffuser is due to the fact that the blood specimen obstructs acertain the part 7 from its zero position to a position in which itsfaces are equally illuminated may now be read upon the graduations 24which thus indicate the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. It will beunderstood, of course, that by swinging the part 7 the amount of lightgathered by it from the mirrors is changed owing to. the changing of thepositions of its respective surfaces with respect to the beams of lightreflected from the mi rrors..

Although I have shown and described my invention as embodied in ahemoglobiuometer, 1 wish it understood, as already stated,

that I do not confine myself to devices for determining the amountofyheinoglo'bin in blood, since my invention isapplicable for use in allsituations .where it is desired ,to measure the light, and particularlydepth of 1. A method of determining the depth of color of an object bymeasuring the amount of obstruction thatthe object offers to the passagethrough it of a ra of light of approximately spectroscopically purecolor.

'2. A method of determining the depth of color of an object"bypassing aray-"of approximately spectroscopically pure color througli the objectand measuring the diifermas-me erence between the amount of light sotransmitted and the amount of light of a second ray of the same initialcolor and intensity.

3. A method of determining the depth of color of a transparent coloredobject, consisting in measuring the amount of obstruction that theobject afi'ords to the' passage through it of the rays of a limited partof the spectrum, such limitation being effected by the interposition ofa colored filter between the source of light and the eye.

4. In an instrument for measuring the depth of color of a transparentcolored object, the combination with means for transmitting a ray oflight through the object, of means for reducing the said ray of light toapproximate spectroscopic purity, a movable surface upon which light soreduced and transmitted is gathered, means for correspondinglv reducinganother ray of light to approximate spectroscopic purity, a concurrentlymovable surface upon which the ray of light last mentioned is gatheredand means for measuring each movement.

5. In an instrument for measuring the depth of color of a transparentcolored object. the combination with-means for transmitting two rays oflight one of which passes through the object, of means for reducing bothrays of light to approximate spectroscopic purity, a light-diffuserhaving two surfaces upon which the light of the respective rays isathered, means for moving the said lightifi'user for equalizing thedensity of the illumination of its respective surfaces, and means formeasuring the movement of the light diffuser.

6. In an instrument for measuring the depth of color of a transparentcolored object, the combination with means for transmitting two rays oflight one of which is passed through the object, means for reducing therays of light to approximate spectroscopic purity, a light-diffuserhaving two surfaces upon which the light of the respectlve rays isgathered, an operating disk connected with the light-diffuser foroperating the same, and graduations for measuring the movement of thedisk.

7. In an instrument for measuring the depth of color of a transparentcolored objechthe combination with meansfor transmitting two rays oflight, one of which passes through the object, means for reducmg therays of light to approximate spectroscopic purity, of a light-difiuserhaving two surfaces upon which the light of the respective rays isgathered, a carrier, for the said light-diffuser provided with 21segmental ruck, an operating-disk, a shaft upon which the same ismounted, a pinion upon the shaft meshing into the said rack, andgraduations for measuring the movement of .the disk.

8. In an instrument for measuring the depth of color of a transparentcolored objeet, the combination with means for transmitting two rays oflight, one of which passes through the object, of means for reducing thelight of both rays to approximate spectroscopic purity, a light-difiuserhaving two surfaces upon which the light of the respective rays ,isgathered, means for moving the said light-difiuser upon a point centralto its respective surfaces, means for measuring the movement of thelight-diffuser, and a telescope the axial line of which intersects thepivotal point of the light-diffuser.

9. In an instrument for measuring the depth of color of a transparentcolored object. the combination with means for transmitting two rays oflight, one of which is passed through the object, means for reducingboth rays of light to approximately spetroscopic purity, alight-difi'user having two surfaces arranged at a right angle to eachother, mirrors for collecting the light of the respective rays andprojecting the same upon the respective surfaces of the light-difiuser,means for moving the lightdifi'user to equalize the illumination of therespective surfaces of the same, and means for measuring the movement ofthe lightdifluser.

10. In an instrument for measuring the depth of color' of a transparentcolored' 'object, the combination with the source of light, of alight-filtering plate of approximately spectroscopically pure colorarranged with rcspect tothe said light to reduce the rays to be examinedto approximate spectroscopic purity, 21, light-difi'user having twosurfaces arranged at a right angle to each other, mirrors receiving therespective rays of light and throwing the same upon the respectivesurfaces of'the light'difiuser, means for shifting the lightdiffuser toequalize the intensity of the illumination of its respective surfaces, atelescope the axis of which is in line with the pivotal point of thelight-diifuser, means for measuring the movement of the light-difi'user,and means for interposing an object the depth of color of which is to bemeasured in one of the rays of light the proportional obstruction ofwhich is measured.

11. In an instrument for measuring the depth of color of a transparentcolored object, the combination with a housing, of a light-diffuser, twomirrors and two filtering plates of approximately spectroscopicallv purecolor located therein, a lamp holder and a telecope mounted in the sidesof the housing, and a measuring disk placed upon the outside of thehousing and connected with the light-diffuser for operating the same.

12. In an instrument for measuring the depth of color of a transparentcolored 0bject, the combination with ahousin of a light-diffuser, twomirrors and two termg plates of approximately 7 spectroscopically purecolor located therein, a lamp holder anda telescope removably mounted inthe housing, and a measuring disk placed upon the outside of the housingand connected with the light-diffuser for operating the same.

13.7 In an instrument for measuring the amountof hemoglobin in blood,the combination with a housing, having a cup-like body and a removablecover, of -a plate connected with the cover' by pillars and fittingwithin a cup-like housing, a ivotal light-diffuser having two surfacesocated at a right angle journaled between the said cover and plate, twomirrors located be- 26 tween the cover and plate in position to re--fleet; the light, collected by them 11 on the respective surfaces of thelight- 'fiuser,

two filtering plates of approximately spectroscopically pure colorlocated between the housing with its axial line intersecting the pivotalpoint of the light-difi'user.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presenceof two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES L. WHITNEY.

Witnesses:

CLARA L. Wnsn G20. D; SEYMOUR.

